The OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) Is A conceptual Framework That Explains how Data Travels From One Computer To Another In A Network.
It divides The Process Of Communication Between Two Devices Into 7 Different Layers, Where each Layer Has A Specific Task.
This Model Was Developed By The International Organization For Standardization (ISO) To Help standardize Networking Protocols.
To standardize Communication Between Different Devices & Systems.
To understand Network Functions Clearly.
To design And Troubleshoot Networks Effectively.
7 Layers Of OSI Model (Mnemonic: All People Seem To Need Data Processing)
Layer Number | Layer Name | Purpose (in Simple Words) |
---|---|---|
7 | Application Layer | User-facing Layer: Apps Like Browser, Email, Etc. |
6 | Presentation Layer | Formats, Encrypts, Compresses Data (like Translation). |
5 | Session Layer | Manages Sessions (like Login Sessions). |
4 | Transport Layer | Ensures Reliable Data Delivery (TCP/UDP Protocols). |
3 | Network Layer | Handles Routing & Addressing (IP Addresses). |
2 | Data Link Layer | Handles Data Frames, MAC Addresses, Error Detection. |
1 | Physical Layer | Transmits Raw Bits Via Cables, Wi-Fi, Etc. |
Transfers raw Bits Over Physical Medium.
Includes: Cables, Switches, Hubs, Wi-Fi Signals.
Example: Ethernet Cables, Fiber Optics.
Converts Bits Into frames.
Adds MAC Addresses (hardware Address).
Responsible For error Detection And flow Control.
Example: Ethernet, Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11).
Handles IP Addresses And Routing Of Packets Between Devices.
Breaks Data Into packets And Decides best Route.
Example: Internet Protocol (IP), Routers.
Responsible For end-to-end Communication.
Ensures reliable Data Transfer Using Protocols Like:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) → Reliable.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) → Fast But Unreliable.
Splits Data Into segments.
Manages sessions (like Logging In & Maintaining Connections).
Handles Opening, Managing, And Closing Sessions.
Example: Remote Procedure Calls (RPC), NetBIOS.
Ensures Data Is In A readable Format.
Handles data Encryption, Compression, Translation.
Example: SSL/TLS (encryption), JPEG (compression).
Closest To The User.
Provides network Services Directly To Applications.
Example: Web Browsers, Email Clients, FTP Apps.
Protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS.
Imagine sending A Parcel Via Courier:
Application Layer: You Write The Letter.
Presentation Layer: You Translate It If Needed.
Session Layer: You Decide When To Send/receive.
Transport Layer: You Ensure It’s Securely Packed.
Network Layer: You Find The Best Route To Send It.
Data Link Layer: You Tag It With The Address & Tracking ID.
Physical Layer: Truck Physically Transports It.
OSI Model Is A theoretical Model; Not All Real Networks Follow It Exactly.
It Helps In network Troubleshooting (e.g., "Is It A Physical Problem Or A Transport Problem?").
TCP/IP Model (used In The Internet) Is Simpler With 4 Layers, Derived From OSI.
Q: Why Is The OSI Model Important?
A: It Provides A Standard Way To Design And Troubleshoot Networks By Dividing Communication Into 7 Logical Layers.
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
Answer: C) 7
a) Network
b) Transport
c) Data Link
d) Session
Answer: B) Transport
a) Application Layer
b) Presentation Layer
c) Session Layer
d) Network Layer
Answer: B) Presentation Layer
a) Layer 2
b) Layer 3
c) Layer 4
d) Layer 5
Answer: B) Layer 3
a) Transport
b) Network
c) Application
d) Session
Answer: C) Application
a) Data Link
b) Transport
c) Network
d) Session
Answer: C) Network
a) Data Link
b) Network
c) Physical
d) Application
Answer: A) Data Link
a) Logical Addressing
b) Encryption
c) Transmission Of Raw Bits
d) Routing
Answer: C) Transmission Of Raw Bits
a) Network
b) Session
c) Presentation
d) Application
Answer: D) Application
a) Application
b) Transport
c) Network
d) Data Link
Answer: B) Transport
a) Application
b) Session
c) Presentation
d) Transport
Answer: B) Session
a) Presentation
b) Network
c) Session
d) Application
Answer: A) Presentation
a) Logical Addressing
b) Reliable Transmission Between Two Devices
c) Packet Switching
d) Data Compression
Answer: B) Reliable Transmission Between Two Devices
a) Flow Control
b) Error Detection
c) Routing
d) Segmentation
Answer: C) Routing
a) Data Link
b) Network
c) Physical
d) Session
Answer: C) Physical
a) Application
b) Network
c) Presentation
d) Physical
Answer: B) Network
a) Transport
b) Data Link
c) Physical
d) Network
Answer: C) Physical
a) Data Link
b) Network
c) Transport
d) Application
Answer: C) Transport
a) Physical & Data Link
b) Data Link & Network
c) Network & Transport
d) Application & Presentation
Answer: A) Physical & Data Link
a) Network
b) Data Link
c) Transport
d) Application
Answer: A) Network
a) Transport Layer
b) Physical Layer
c) Network Layer
d) Session Layer
Answer: A) Transport Layer
a) Data Link
b) Network
c) Transport
d) Application
Answer: A) Data Link
a) Transport
b) Session
c) Presentation
d) Application
Answer: C) Presentation
a) Transport
b) Data Link
c) Network
d) Application
Answer: B) Data Link
a) Application
b) Network
c) Data Link
d) Transport
Answer: A) Application
a) Network
b) Physical
c) Data Link
d) Transport
Answer: C) Data Link
a) Data Link
b) Network
c) Transport
d) Session
Answer: B) Network
a) Session
b) Application
c) Data Link
d) Network
Answer: A) Session
a) Session
b) Presentation
c) Application
d) Transport
Answer: B) Presentation
a) Network
b) Session
c) Presentation
d) Data Link
Answer: B) Session
Tags:
Open Systems Interconnection Model, OSI Reference Model, MCQ
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